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| 1939 December 13 |
| | | The German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee is scuttled after a battle with Allied ships near the river Plate | |
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| 1940 |
| | | The Conservative Colorados recover power in Paraguay and reimpose military rule | |
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| 1943 |
| | | Power is seized in Argentina by a new military junta, the Group of United Officers | |
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| 1944 |
| | | Jorge Luis Borges publishes Fictions, a collection of short stories | |
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| 1945 |
| | | Juan Perón, professed friend of the poor in Argentina, is arrested by brother officers | |
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| 1945 |
| | | A mass demonstration by trade unions in Buenos Aires results in the release of Perón | |
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| 1946 |
| | | Perón, with the orchestrated support of gangs of thugs, is elected president of Argentina | |
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| 1946 |
| | | US poet Elizabeth Bishop publishes her first collection of poems, North and South | |
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| 1947 |
| | | Thor Heyerdahl sets sail across the Pacific from Peru in a balsa wood boat, the Kon-Tiki | |
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| 1948 |
| | | A nine-year civil war begins in Colombia, bringing eventually some 200,000 deaths | |
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